CentOS 静默安装 Oracle 11g R2

2023-10-18

字数统计: 3.9k字 | 阅读时长≈ 20分

环境准备

系统：CentOS 7.9 x64 位最小化安装的系统
Oracle 版本: linux.x64_11gR2_database

安装依赖包

由于系统是使用的 CentOS 最小化安装，所以需要安装一些依赖库

yum -y install binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
ksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel

检查依赖包

rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
ksh \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"

添加 Oracle 用户组和用户

# 创建相关组
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
groupadd asmdba

# 创建 oracle 用户
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba -d /home/oracle oracle

# 查看 Oracle 用户信息
id oracle

uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba),1004(asmdba)

# 设置 Oracle 用户登录密码
passwd oracle

New password: 
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

配置主机名映射

修改 /etc/hosts，添加主机地址解析

1 2	IPADDR=$(ifconfig \|grep broadcast \| grep 192.168.64 \| awk '{print $2}') echo "$IPADDR $HOSTNAME" >> /etc/hosts

测试解析

ping -c3 oracle 
PING centos-oracle (192.168.169.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from centos-oracle (192.168.169.100): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.037 ms
64 bytes from centos-oracle (192.168.169.100): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.052 ms
64 bytes from centos-oracle (192.168.169.100): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.053 ms

优化 OS 内核参数

kernel.shmmax 参数设置为物理内存的一半，此处为内存 2G的一半；单位为 byte

cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=4194304
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.sem=1050 32000 1050 256
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65535
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
EOF

sysctl -p

kernel.shmall: 共享内存页数的最大值。
Linux共享内存页大小为4KB，共享内存段的大小都是共享内存页大小的整数倍。一个共享内存段的最大大小是16G，需要共享内存页数是 16GB/4KB=16777216KB/4KB=4194304(页)
kernel.shmmax: 单个共享内存段的最大值。
shmmax是核心参数中最重要的参数之一，用于定义单个共享内存段的最大值，shmmax设置应足够大，能在一个共享内存段下容纳下整个的SGA，设置的过低可能会导致需要创建多个共享内存段，可能导致系统性能的下降。

64 位 linux 系统：可取的最大值为物理内存值 -1byte ，建议值为多于物理内存的一半，一般取值大于 SGA_MAX_SIZE 即可，可以取物理内存 -1byte 。
- 内存为 12G 时，该值为 12*1024*1024*1024-1 = 12884901887
- 内存为 16G 时，该值为 16*1024*1024*1024-1 = 17179869183
- 内存为 32G 时，该值为 32*1024*1024*1024-1 = 34359738367
- 内存为 64G 时，该值为 64*1024*1024*1024-1 = 68719476735
- 内存为 128G 时，该值为 128*1024*1024*1024-1 = 137438953471
kernel.shmmni: 共享内存段的最大数量。
注意该参数不是shmmin，是shmmni，shmmin 表示内存段最小大小），shmmni缺省值4096 足够。
shmmax(bytes) = shmmni(page size, default 4k) * shmall (page的个数）

下面专门说说kernel.sem：对应4个值 SEMMSL、SEMMNS、SEMOPM、SEMMNI

SEMMSL: 每个信号集的最大信号数量。
数据库最大 PROCESS 实例参数的设置值再加上 10 。Oracle 建议将 SEMMSL 的值设置为不少于 100。
SEMMNS: 用于控制整个 Linux 系统中信号（而不是信号集）的最大数。
Oracle 建议将 SEMMNS 设置为：系统中每个数据库的 PROCESSES 实例参数设置值的总和，加上最大 PROCESSES 值的两倍，最后根据系统中 Oracle 数据库的数量，每个加 10 。使用以下计算式来确定在 Linux 系统中可以分配的信号的最大数量。它将是以下两者中较小的一个值：SEMMNS 或 (SEMMSL * SEMMNI)
SEMOPM: 内核参数用于控制每个 semop 系统调用可以执行的信号操作的数量。semop 系统调用（函数）提供了利用一个 semop 系统调用完成多项信号操作的功能。一个信号集能够拥有每个信号集中最大数量的SEMMSL 信号，因此建议设置 SEMOPM 等于SEMMSL。Oracle 建议将 SEMOPM 的值设置为不少于 100。
SEMMNI ：内核参数用于控制整个 Linux 系统中信号集的最大数量。Oracle 建议将 SEMMNI 的值设置为不少于 100。

修改 Oracle 用户的 shell 权限

限制 Oracle 用户的资源使用

cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF
oracle              soft    nproc   2047
oracle              hard    nproc   16384
oracle              soft    nofile  1024
oracle              hard    nofile  65536
*       soft        memlock     unlimited
*       hard        memlock     unlimited
EOF

修改 Oracle 用户登录认证

cat >>/etc/pam.d/login <<EOF
session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session    required     pam_limits.so
EOF

修改 /etc/profile 文件，在文件最下面添加以下内容

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384
        ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi

# 重新加载 profile
source /etc/profile

创建 Oracle 安装目录

mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /data/app/oracle/{oradata,inventory,flash_recovery_area}
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/app/oracle
ln -s /data/ /u01

配置 Oracle 用户环境变量

# 切换到 oracle 用户
su - oracle

# 修改 .bash_profile 文件，在文件最下面添加以下内容
cat >> ~/.bash_profile <<EOF

umask 022
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
# 注意此处的 SID 一定要于建库时配置的 dbca.rsp 响应文件中的 SID 一致，区分大小写
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:\$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:\$PATH
export LC_ALL="en_US"
export LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="american_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
EOF

安装 Oracle

上传安装包到服务器并修改权限

1	chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/oracle/linux.x64_11gR2_database_*

解压 Oracle 压缩文件

1 2	unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

修改配置文件

~/database/response/db_install.rsp 中以下内容的值

HOSTNAME=$(hostname)

sed -i "s#^oracle.install.option=#oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^ORACLE_HOSTNAME=#ORACLE_HOSTNAME=$HOSTNAME#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^UNIX_GROUP_NAME=#UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^INVENTORY_LOCATION=#INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/inventory#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en#SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^ORACLE_HOME=#ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^ORACLE_BASE=#ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=#oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=#oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=true#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=false#oracle.install.db.EEOptionsSelection=true#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=#oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=#oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp
sed -i "s#^DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=#DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true#" ~/database/response/db_install.rsp

执行安装

# 切换到 oracle 用户
su - oracle

# 安装
cd database
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile ~/database/response/db_install.rsp

# 输出信息如下：
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 30929 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 2047 MB    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2021-04-06_12-32-00PM. Please wait ...[oracle@python-dev database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
[WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.
ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.
You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2021-04-06_12-32-00PM.log
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. 
#!/bin/sh 
#Root scripts to run

/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
        1. Open a terminal window 
        2. Log in as "root" 
        3. Run the scripts 
        4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue 

Successfully Setup Software.

安装期间可以根据提示，使用 tail 命令监看 oracle 的安装日志

1	tail -f /u01/app/oracle/inventory/logs/installActions2021-04-06_12-32-00PM.log

根据提示完成剩余配置

su - root       # 或者新开一个窗口，以 root 身份登录

# sh /u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /db/app/oracle/inventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /db/app/oracle/inventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.

# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
Check /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/install/root_python-dev.59izt.com_2021-04-06_12-38-33.log for the output of root script

配置默认监听

su - oracle

netca /silent /responsefile ~/database/response/netca.rsp

# 输出如下
Parsing command line arguments:
    Parameter "silent" = true
    Parameter "responsefile" = /home/databases/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Oracle Net Listener Startup:
    Running Listener Control: 
    /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
    Listener Control complete.
    Listener started successfully.
Listener configuration complete.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

查看监听端口

$ netstat -anptl |grep 1521
(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp6       0      0 :::1521                 :::*                    LISTEN      9986/tnslsnr

创建数据库

方法(一) 命令行创建数据库

直接在命令行使用 dbca 静默创建数据库

dbca -silent -createDatabase \
  -templateName General_Purpose.dbc \
  -gdbName orcl \
  -sid orcl \
  -sysPassword Huaxue,001 \
  -systemPassword Huaxue,001 \
  -dbsnmpPassword Huaxue,001 \
  -sysmanPassword Huaxue,001 \
  -datafileDestination /u01/app/oracle/oradata \
  -recoveryAreaDestination /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area \
  -characterSet ZHS16GBK \
  -totalMemory 11468 \
  -storageType FS \
  -redoLogFileSize 50

方法(二) 使用 response 文件创建数据库

修改 ~/database/response/dbca.rsp 文件，注意 TOTALMEMORY 设置为总内存的 80%

# vim ~/database/response/dbca.rsp

GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"

使用 response 文件执行静默创建数据库

dbca -silent -responseFile ~/database/response/dbca.rsp

# 输出如下：
Copying database files
1% complete
3% complete
11% complete
...
Creating and starting Oracle instance
...
Completing Database Creation
...
100% complete
Look at the log file "/db/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/orcl/orcl.log" for further details.

处理 sqlplus 无法退格问题

安装 rlwrap 和 readline 库

1	yum install rlwrap readline readline-devel

设置系统别名

cat >> ~/.bash_profile <<EOF

# Config rlwrap alias
alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
alias rman='rlwrap rman'
EOF

刷新配置文件
1
source ~/.bash_profile

检查安装

查看 Oracle 实例进程

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep

# 输出如下
oracle    13464      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_pmon_orcl
oracle    13466      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_vktm_orcl
oracle    13470      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_gen0_orcl
oracle    13472      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_diag_orcl
oracle    13474      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbrm_orcl
oracle    13476      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_psp0_orcl
oracle    13478      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_dia0_orcl
oracle    13480      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_mman_orcl
oracle    13482      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_dbw0_orcl
oracle    13484      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_lgwr_orcl
oracle    13486      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_ckpt_orcl
oracle    13488      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_smon_orcl
oracle    13490      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_reco_orcl
oracle    13492      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmon_orcl
oracle    13494      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_mmnl_orcl
oracle    13496      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_d000_orcl
oracle    13498      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_s000_orcl
oracle    13509      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_qmnc_orcl
oracle    13525      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_cjq0_orcl
oracle    13534      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_q000_orcl
oracle    13536      1  0 13:43 ?        00:00:00 ora_q001_orcl

查看监听状态

lsnrctl status

# 输出如下
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 06-APR-2021 13:45:04

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                06-APR-2021 12:44:36
Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 0 min. 27 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /db/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/python-dev/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=python-dev.59izt.com)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "orcl" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "orclXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "orcl", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Apr 6 13:45:33 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> 

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------------------
OPEND

查看数据库编码

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

查看数据库版本信息

select * from v$version;

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE    11.2.0.1.0      Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

安装 oracle 客户端工具

安装 sqlplus

前往官网下载工具, 下载地址: 官方下载地址

1
2
3

# 根据 Oracle 服务端版本选择对应的客户端版本，需要下载如下两个包
1. oracle-instantclient11.2-sqlplus-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
2. oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm

安装

1	rpm -ivh oracle-instantclient11.2-*.rpm

配置环境变量

# vim /etc/profile

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/bin:$PATH

配置语言字符集

对本服务器运行的 sqlplus 指定字符集，规避同数据库字符集不一致导致乱码问题。

连接数据库，执行语句查询 Oracle 服务器的语言、地域和字符集：
1
select * from nls_database_parameters;

按照查询结果拼接

1	NLS_LANGUAGE_NLS_TERRITORY.NLS_CHARACTEST

这里举例查到的是：

1
2
3

NLS_LANGUAGE = AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY = AMERICA
NLS_CHARACTERSET = AL32UTF8

即拼接为：AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

在服务器设置环境变量
1
NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"

Oracle 数据库启停流程

Oracle 数据库的启停一定要按照以下顺序来，否则会导致数据库启动异常

启动 Oracle 数据库

# 启动监听服务
lsnrctl start

# 以 sysdba 角色登录 Oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba

# 启动数据库
startup

关闭 Oracle 数据库顺序

# 关闭数据库
shutdown immediate

# 退出 sql 命令行
exit

# 关闭监听服务
lsnrctl stop

配置开机启动

修改 /etc/oratab 文件，将实例改成运行启动
1
qdmwms:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0:Y

创建 systemd 服务文件

cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/oracle.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=Oracle Database(s) and Listener
Requires=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
Restart=no
ExecStart=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/
ExecStop=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbshut /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/
User=oracle

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

配置 Oracle 服务开机启动
1
systemctl enable --now oracle.service

查看 Oracle 服务状态

[root@qdmwms-db ~]# systemctl status oracle.service 
● oracle.service - Oracle Database(s) and Listener
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/oracle.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-06-21 15:45:54 CST; 7min ago
Process: 1056 ExecStart=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/ (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
CGroup: /system.slice/oracle.service
        ├─1135 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0//bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
        ├─1713 ora_pmon_qdmwms
        ├─1715 ora_psp0_qdmwms
        ├─1783 ora_vktm_qdmwms
        ├─1787 ora_gen0_qdmwms
        ├─1789 ora_diag_qdmwms
        ├─1791 ora_dbrm_qdmwms
        ├─1793 ora_dia0_qdmwms
        ├─1795 ora_mman_qdmwms
        ├─1797 ora_dbw0_qdmwms
        ├─1799 ora_lgwr_qdmwms
        ├─1801 ora_ckpt_qdmwms
        ├─1803 ora_smon_qdmwms
        ├─1805 ora_reco_qdmwms
        ├─1807 ora_mmon_qdmwms
        ├─1809 ora_mmnl_qdmwms
        ├─1811 ora_d000_qdmwms
        ├─1813 ora_s000_qdmwms
        ├─1896 ora_arc0_qdmwms
        ├─1899 ora_arc1_qdmwms
        ├─1901 ora_arc2_qdmwms
        ├─1903 ora_arc3_qdmwms
        ├─1909 ora_qmnc_qdmwms
        ├─1991 ora_cjq0_qdmwms
        ├─2003 ora_q000_qdmwms
        ├─2005 ora_q001_qdmwms
        ├─2473 ora_smco_qdmwms
        └─2479 ora_w000_qdmwms

Jun 21 15:45:33 qdmwms-db systemd[1]: Starting Oracle Database(s) and Listener...
Jun 21 15:45:35 qdmwms-db dbstart[1056]: Processing Database instance "qdmwms": log file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/startup.log
Jun 21 15:45:54 qdmwms-db systemd[1]: Started Oracle Database(s) and Listener.

错误排查

安装过程

安装过程错误一

WARNING: A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2021-04-06_12-17-27PM/installActions2021-04-06_12-17-27PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log, you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.
INFO: Finding the most appropriate exit status for the current application
INFO: Exit Status is -2
INFO: Shutdown Oracle Database 11g Release 2 Installer
INFO: Unloading Setup Driver

解决方案

1	修改 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES= 的值为 true，即 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

安装过程错误二

1 2	[FATAL] [INS-32033] Central Inventory location is not writable. CAUSE: Central Inventory location was not writable.

解决方法

1 2	# inventory 目录不可写，重新修改目录权限 chmod 0777 -R /db/app/oracle

执行语句报错处理

ORA-01034 错误: oracle not available

# 切换到 oracle 用户: su - oracle
# 登录 Oracle 控制台: sqlplus / as sysdba
# 查看当前实例：select status from v$instance;
# 错误提示如下：
select status from v$instance
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0

解决方法：启动数据库

1	SQL> startup

ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

解决方法：

找到安装目录下的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/ 目录下，查看当前使用lkORCL文件的用户（fuser -u lkORCL），kill 掉 lkORCL 使用者（fuser -k lkORCL）

# fuser -u lkORCL 
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/lkORCL: 25560(oracle) 25566(oracle) 25570(oracle) 25572(oracle) 25576(oracle) 25578(oracle) 25580(oracle) 25582(oracle) 25584(oracle) 25586(oracle) 25588(oracle) 25590(oracle) 25602(oracle) 25617(oracle) 25619(oracle) 25621(oracle) 25806(oracle) 25808(oracle)

# fuser -k lkORCL 
/db/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbs/lkORCL: 25560 25566 25570 25572 25576 25578 25580 25582 25584 25586 25588 25590 25602 25617 25619 25621 25806 26258

# 关闭数据库实例
SQL> shutdown immediate

# 再次启动
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes
Fixed Size                  2220200 bytes
Variable Size             281022296 bytes
Database Buffers          780140544 bytes
Redo Buffers                5554176 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.