阿里云部署 Kubernetes 高可用集群(Nginx Stream 代理)

架构环境说明

本文章将演示如何使用二进制方式在阿里云部署 k8s 高可用集群，这里部署的 kubernetes 版本为 1.24.x。本次部署使用 5 台ECS，系统版本为 CentOS 7.9，分别为 3台 Master，2台 Node。集群相关配置如下

集群网段划分

• k8s 宿主机IP网段: 172.16.0.0/24
• k8s Service 网段: 10.96.0.0/16
• k8s Pod 网段: 192.16.0.0/16

高可用方式

高可用方式: Nginx Stream，使用此方式做高可用时不需要 VIP

IP 地址信息

主机名	IP地址	系统版本	角色
k8s-master01	172.16.0.11	CentOS 7.9	master, etcd
k8s-master02	172.16.0.12	CentOS 7.9	master, etcd
k8s-master03	172.16.0.13	CentOS 7.9	master, etcd
k8s-node01	172.16.0.14	CentOS 7.9	worker
k8s-node02	172.16.0.15	CentOS 7.9	worker

服务器初始化设置

系统配置

1. 所有节点配置 hosts

   cat > /etc/hosts <<EOF
   127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
   ::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
   
   172.16.0.11  k8s-master01
   172.16.0.12  k8s-master02
   172.16.0.13  k8s-master03
   172.16.0.14  k8s-node01
   172.16.0.15  k8s-node02
   EOF

2. 所有节点配置 YUM 仓库源

   cd /etc/yum.repos.d && mkdir bak && mv *.repo bak && cd ~/
   curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
   
   curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
   
   sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
   
   yum clean all && yum makecache 

3. 所有节点关闭防火墙，selinux，dnsmasq，swap，以及配置 NetworkManager

   # 关闭并禁用 firewalld, dnsmasq
   systemctl disable --now firewalld
   systemctl disable --now dnsmasq
   
   # 配置 NetworkManager
   cat > /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/calico.conf << EOF 
   [keyfile]
   unmanaged-devices=interface-name:cali*;interface-name:tunl*
   EOF
   systemctl restart NetworkManager
   
   # 临时关闭 selinux
   setenforce 0
   
   # 永久关闭 selinux
   sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
   
   # 关闭 swap 分区以及注释 swap 挂载项
   swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
   sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

4. 所有节点配置 limits 限制

   # 临时设置
   ulimit -SHn 65535
   
   # 永久设置
   sed -i '/^# End/i\* soft nofile    655350' /etc/security/limits.conf
   sed -i '/^# End/i\* hard nofile    131072' /etc/security/limits.conf
   sed -i '/^# End/i\* soft nproc    655350' /etc/security/limits.conf
   sed -i '/^# End/i\* hard nproc    655350' /etc/security/limits.conf
   sed -i '/^# End/i\* soft memlock   unlimited' /etc/security/limits.conf
   sed -i '/^# End/i\* hard memlock   unlimited' /etc/security/limits.conf

5. 所有节点配置 k8s 集群中必须的内核参数。

   cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
   net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
   fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
   vm.overcommit_memory=1
   net.ipv4.conf.all.route_localnet = 
   vm.panic_on_oom=0
   fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
   fs.file-max=52706963
   fs.nr_open=52706963
   net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
   
   net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
   net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
   net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
   net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
   net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
   net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
   net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
   net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
   net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
   net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
   net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
   net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
   net.core.somaxconn = 16384
   EOF
   
   sysctl --system 

6. 所有节点安装基础软件

   yum install -y ntpdate \
     jq \
     psmisc \
     wget \
     vim \
     net-tools \
     telnet \
     lrzsz

7. 所有节点配置时间同步策略

   # 设置时区
   ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
   echo 'Asia/Shanghai' > /etc/timezone
   
   # 添加定时任务以及配置开机启动执行
   echo '*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com >/dev/null' >> /var/spool/cron/root
   echo '/usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com' >> /etc/rc.local

8. 在 k8s-master01 节点配置免密登录其他节点

   # 创建 ssh 免密登录秘钥
   ssh-keygen -t rsa
   
   # 拷贝公钥到其他节点
   for i in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do 
       ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub root@$i;
   done

9. 所有节点升级系统软件

   yum update -y --exclude=kernel* && reboot

配置 IPVS

1. 所有节点安装配置 ipvsadm 软件，新版本的 kube-proxy 默认支持的代理模式为 ipvs 模式，性能比 iptables 要强，如果服务器未配置安装 ipvs，将转换为 iptables 模式。

   yum install -y ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp

2. 所有节点配置 ipvs 模块（在内核 4.19版本的 nf_conntrack_ipv4 已经改为 nf_conntrack）。

   cat > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules <<EOF
   #!/bin/bash
   modprobe -- ip_vs
   modprobe -- ip_vs_lc
   modprobe -- ip_vs_wlc
   modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
   modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
   modprobe -- ip_vs_lblc
   modprobe -- ip_vs_lblcr
   modprobe -- ip_vs_dh
   modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
   modprobe -- ip_vs_fo
   modprobe -- ip_vs_nq
   modprobe -- ip_vs_sed
   modprobe -- ip_vs_ftp
   modprobe -- ip_vs_sh
   modprobe -- nf_conntrack
   modprobe -- ip_tables
   modprobe -- ip_set
   modprobe -- xt_set
   modprobe -- ipt_set
   modprobe -- ipt_rpfilter
   modprobe -- ipt_REJECT
   modprobe -- ipip
   EOF
   
   chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
   
   systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
   
   bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod |grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

升级内核

CentOS7 需要升级内核至4.18+，本地升级的版本为4.19

1. 在 k8s-master01 节点下载内核，然后发送到其他节点

   # 下载内核
   cd /root
   wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
   wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
   
   # 传送到其他节点
   for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do 
       scp kernel-ml-*.rpm root@$i:~/;
   done

2. 所有节点安装内核

   cd /root && yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*
   
   # 所有节点更改内核启动顺序
   grub2-set-default  0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
   
   grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"

3. 重启并检查内核是不是4.19

   uname -r

基本组件安装

这里主要安装的是集群中用到的各种组件，比如 Docker-ce、Kubernetes 各组件等。

安装 Containerd 作为 Runtime

1. 所有节点安装 Docker-ce-20.10 以及 Containerd

   # 安装依赖
   yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
   
   # 配置 Docker yum 仓库
   yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
   yum makecache fast
   
   # 安装指定版本 Docker
   yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.* docker-ce-cli-20.10.* containerd

2. 所有节点配置 Containerd 所需的模块：

   cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf
   overlay
   br_netfilter
   EOF
   
   modprobe -- overlay
   modprobe -- br_netfilter

3. 所有节点配置 Containerd 所需的内核

   cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-kubernetes-cri.conf
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables  = 1
   net.ipv4.ip_forward                 = 1
   net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
   EOF
   
   sysctl --system

4. 所有节点配置 Containerd 的配置文件

   # 创建配置文件目录
   mkdir -p /etc/containerd
   
   # 生成默认配置文件
   containerd config default | tee /etc/containerd/config.toml
   
   # 修改 SystemdCgroup 配置
   sed -i "s#SystemdCgroup\ \=\ false#SystemdCgroup\ \=\ true#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
   cat /etc/containerd/config.toml | grep SystemdCgroup
   
   # 修改 pause 镜像
   sed -i "s#registry.k8s.io#registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers#g" /etc/containerd/config.toml
   cat /etc/containerd/config.toml | grep sandbox_image

5. 所有节点启动Containerd，并配置开机自启动

   systemctl daemon-reload
   systemctl enable --now containerd

6. 所有节点安装配置 crictl 客户端

   # 下载 crictl
   wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/v1.24.2/crictl-v1.24.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
   
   # 安装 crictl
   tar xf crictl-v*-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/bin/
   
   # 生成 crictl 配置文件
   cat > /etc/crictl.yaml <<EOF
   runtime-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
   image-endpoint: unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock
   timeout: 10
   debug: false
   EOF
   
   # 测试 crictl
   crictl info

安装 Nginx

注意，所有节点都需要安装 Nginx，并配置代理

1. 安装编译环境

   yum install -y gcc

2. 编译 Nginx

   # 下载解压nginx二进制文件
   wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.22.1.tar.gz
   tar xvf nginx-*.tar.gz
   cd nginx-*
   
   # 进行编译
   ./configure \
     --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
     --user=www \
     --group=www \
     --with-stream \
     --without-http \
     --without-http_uwsgi_module \
     --without-http_scgi_module \
     --without-http_fastcgi_module
   
   make && make install 

3. 创建 Nginx 配置文件

   # 写入nginx配置文件
   cat > /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf <<EOF
   worker_processes 1;
   user www www;
   events {
       worker_connections  1024;
   }
   stream {
       upstream backend {
           least_conn;
           hash $remote_addr consistent;
           server 172.16.0.11:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
           server 172.16.0.12:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
           server 172.16.0.13:6443        max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
       }
       server {
           listen 127.0.0.1:8443;
           proxy_connect_timeout 1s;
           proxy_pass backend;
       }
   }
   EOF

4. 创建 Nginx 服务管理文件

   cat > /etc/systemd/system/kube-nginx.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=kube-apiserver nginx proxy
   After=network.target
   After=network-online.target
   Wants=network-online.target
   
   [Service]
   Type=forking
   User=www
   Group=www
   ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx -t
   ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx
   ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/kube-nginx.conf -p /usr/local/nginx -s reload
   PrivateTmp=true
   Restart=always
   RestartSec=5
   StartLimitInterval=0
   LimitNOFILE=65536
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF

5. 创建 Nginx 服务运行用户与修改目录权限

   useradd www -s /sbin/nologin -M
   chown -R www.www /usr/local/nginx

6. 设置开机自启

   systemctl enable --now  kube-nginx 
   systemctl restart kube-nginx
   systemctl status kube-nginx

部署 Etcd 集群

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 下载 etcd 二进制包

   wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.5.5/etcd-v3.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2. 解压 etcd 二进制包

   tar zxvf etcd-v3.5.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3. 安装 etcd 二进制文件

   mkdir -p /usr/local/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl}
   cp etcd-v3.5.5-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /usr/local/etcd/bin/

4. 下载安装 cfssl 工具

   # 下载工具
   wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64
   wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64
   
   # 添加执行权限
   chmod +x cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64 cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64
   
   # 将命令移动到可执行路劲并重命名
   mv cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
   mv cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson

5. 创建 etcd 相关证书

   mkdir pki && cd pki
   
   # 创建 CA 配置文件
   cat > ca-config.json<<EOF
   {
     "signing": {
       "default": {
         "expiry": "876000h"
       },
       "profiles": {
         "kubernetes": {
           "usages": [
               "signing",
               "key encipherment",
               "server auth",
               "client auth"
           ],
           "expiry": "876000h"
         }
       }
     }
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 CSR 文件
   cat > etcd-ca-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "etcd",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "etcd",
         "OU": "Etcd Security"
       }
     ],
     "ca": {
       "expiry": "876000h"
     }
   }
   EOF
   
   cat > etcd-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "etcd",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "etcd",
         "OU": "Etcd Security"
       }
     ]
   }
   EOF
   
   # 生成 etcd ca 证书和 key
   cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca
   
   # 生成 etcd 证书文件
   cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=127.0.0.1,\
   172.16.0.11,\
   172.16.0.12,\
   172.16.0.13 \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd

   注意，-hostname 需要把所有的 etcd 节点地址都填进去，也可以多填几个预留地址，方便后期 etcd 集群扩容。

6. 创建 ETCD 配置文件

   cat > /usr/local/etcd/cfg/etcd.config.yml << EOF
   name: 'k8s-master01'
   data-dir: /var/lib/etcd
   wal-dir: /var/lib/etcd/wal
   snapshot-count: 5000
   heartbeat-interval: 100
   election-timeout: 1000
   quota-backend-bytes: 0
   listen-peer-urls: 'https://172.16.0.11:2380'
   listen-client-urls: 'https://172.16.0.11:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379'
   max-snapshots: 3
   max-wals: 5
   cors:
   initial-advertise-peer-urls: 'https://172.16.0.11:2380'
   advertise-client-urls: 'https://172.16.0.11:2379'
   discovery:
   discovery-fallback: 'proxy'
   discovery-proxy:
   discovery-srv:
   initial-cluster: 'k8s-master01=https://172.16.0.11:2380,k8s-master02=https://172.16.0.12:2380,k8s-master03=https://172.16.0.13:2380'
   initial-cluster-token: 'etcd-k8s-cluster'
   initial-cluster-state: 'new'
   strict-reconfig-check: false
   enable-v2: true
   enable-pprof: true
   proxy: 'off'
   proxy-failure-wait: 5000
   proxy-refresh-interval: 30000
   proxy-dial-timeout: 1000
   proxy-write-timeout: 5000
   proxy-read-timeout: 0
   client-transport-security:
     cert-file: '/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem'
     key-file: '/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem'
     client-cert-auth: true
     trusted-ca-file: '/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem'
     auto-tls: true
   peer-transport-security:
     cert-file: '/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem'
     key-file: '/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem'
     peer-client-cert-auth: true
     trusted-ca-file: '/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem'
     auto-tls: true
   debug: false
   log-package-levels:
   log-outputs: [default]
   force-new-cluster: false
   EOF

7. 创建 ETCD 服务管理文件（所有节点配置一样）

   cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=Etcd Server
   After=network.target
   After=network-online.target
   Wants=network-online.target
   
   [Service]
   Type=notify
   ExecStart=/usr/local/etcd/bin/etcd --config-file=/usr/local/etcd/cfg/etcd.config.yml
   Restart=on-failure
   RestartSec=10
   LimitNOFILE=65536
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   Alias=etcd3.service
   EOF

8. 拷贝 etcd 相关文件到其他 ETCD 节点

   for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03;do 
       scp -r /usr/local/etcd root@$i:/usr/local/etcd;
       scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@$i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service;
   done

   修改其他节点的配置文件，需要修改的地方如下:

   • name: 节点名称，集群中必须唯一
   • listen-peer-urls: 修改为当前节点的IP地址
   • listen-client-urls: 修改为当前节点的IP地址
   • initial-advertise-peer-urls: 修改为当前节点的IP地址
   • advertise-client-urls: 修改为当前节点的IP地址

9. 所有节点启动 Etcd 并配置开机启动

   systemctl enable --now etcd

10. 检查 etcd 集群状态

    export ETCDCTL_API=3
    /usr/local/etcd/bin/etcdctl \
    --cacert=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \
    --cert=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
    --key=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
    --endpoints="https://172.16.0.11:2379,\
    https://172.16.0.12:2379,\
    https://172.16.0.13:2379" endpoint status --write-out=table

    注意：如果启动节点启动失败，需要清除启动信息，然后再次启动, 参考文章 etcd集群节点挂掉后恢复步骤

    • 具体操作如下：

    rm -rf /var/lib/etcd/*

部署 k8s 集群

部署 Master 组件

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 下载 k8s 二进制安装包

   wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.24.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

2. 解压 kubernetes 安装包

   tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz

3. 安装 kubernetes 二进制文件

   mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,manifests}
   cp kubernetes/server/bin/kube{-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy,let} /usr/local/kubernetes/bin/
   cp kubernetes/server/bin/kubectl /usr/local/bin/

创建 Master 组件证书

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 创建 CA 证书

   cd ~/pki
   
   # 创建 CA 配置文件
   cat > ca-config.json<<EOF
   {
     "signing": {
       "default": {
         "expiry": "876000h"
       },
       "profiles": {
         "kubernetes": {
           "usages": [
               "signing",
               "key encipherment",
               "server auth",
               "client auth"
           ],
           "expiry": "876000h"
         }
       }
     }
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 ca-csr.json 文件
   cat > ca-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "kubernetes",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "Kubernetes",
         "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
       }
     ],
     "ca": {
       "expiry": "876000h"
     }
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 CA 证书以及 Key
   cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca

2. 创建 APIServer 证书

   # 设置 CLB 负载均衡内网地址环境变量，后面生成证书时直接使用环境变量
   export CLB_ADDRESS="127.0.0.1"
   export CLB_PORT="8443"
   
   # 创建 apiserver-csr.json 文件
   cat > apiserver-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "kube-apiserver",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "Kubernetes",
         "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
       }
     ]
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 apiserver 证书
   cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -hostname=10.96.0.1,\
   127.0.0.1,\
   172.16.0.11,\
   172.16.0.12,\
   172.16.0.13,\
   kubernetes,\
   kubernetes.default,\
   kubernetes.default.svc,\
   kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,\
   kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   apiserver-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/apiserver

3. 生成 apiserver 的聚合证书。（Requestheader-client-xxx requestheader-allowwd-xxx:aggerator）

   # 创建 front-proxy-ca-csr.json 文件
   cat > front-proxy-ca-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "kubernetes",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     }
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 front-proxy-client-csr.json 文件
   cat > front-proxy-client-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "front-proxy-client",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     }
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 Apiserver 聚合 CA
   cfssl gencert -initca front-proxy-ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-ca
   
   # 创建 Apiserver 聚合证书
   cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   front-proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-client

4. 生成 controller-manager 证书

   # 创建 manager-csr.json 文件
   cat > manager-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
         "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
       }
     ]
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 controller-manager 证书
   cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/controller-manager
   
   # 创建 controller-manager 组件的 kubeconfig 文件
   kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://${CLB_ADDRESS}:${CLB_PORT} \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-controller-manager \
     --client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/controller-manager.pem \
     --client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/controller-manager-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-controller-manager \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config use-context system:kube-controller-manager@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig

5. 生成 scheduler 证书文件

   # 创建 scheduler-csr.json 文件
   cat > scheduler-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "system:kube-scheduler",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "system:kube-scheduler",
         "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
       }
     ]
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 scheduler 证书
   cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   scheduler-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/scheduler
   
   # 创建 scheduler 组件的 kubeconfig 文件
   kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://${CLB_ADDRESS}:${CLB_PORT} \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-credentials system:kube-scheduler \
     --client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/scheduler.pem \
     --client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/scheduler-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=system:kube-scheduler \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config use-context system:kube-scheduler@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig

6. 生成集群管理员 admin 的证书

   # 创建 admin-csr.json 文件
   cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "admin",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "system:masters",
         "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
       }
     ]
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 admin 证书
   cfssl gencert \
   -ca=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
   -ca-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
   -config=ca-config.json \
   -profile=kubernetes \
   admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/admin
   
   # 创建 admin 管理员的 kubeconfig 文件
   kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://${CLB_ADDRESS}:${CLB_PORT} \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/admin.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-credentials kubernetes-admin \
     --client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/admin.pem \
     --client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/admin-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/admin.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=kubernetes-admin \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/admin.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/admin.kubeconfig

7. 生成 ServiceAccount Key

   openssl genrsa -out /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/sa.key 2048
   
   openssl rsa -in /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/sa.key -pubout -out /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/sa.pub

配置 Master 组件

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 创建 Apiserver 服务文件

   cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=Kubernetes API Server
   Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
   After=network.target
   
   [Service]
   ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \\
       --v=2 \\
       --logtostderr=true \\
       --allow-privileged=true \\
       --bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
       --secure-port=6443 \\
       --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16 \\
       --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
       --etcd-servers=https://172.16.0.11:2379,https://172.16.0.12:2379,https://172.16.0.13:2379 \\
       --etcd-cafile=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem \\
       --etcd-certfile=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \\
       --etcd-keyfile=/usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \\
       --client-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
       --tls-cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/apiserver.pem \\
       --tls-private-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/apiserver-key.pem \\
       --kubelet-client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/apiserver.pem \\
       --kubelet-client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/apiserver-key.pem \\
       --service-account-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/sa.pub \\
       --service-account-signing-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/sa.key  \\
       --service-account-issuer=https://kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local \\
       --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname \\
       --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota \\
       --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \\
       --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
       --requestheader-client-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-ca.pem \\
       --proxy-client-cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-client.pem \\
       --proxy-client-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-client-key.pem \\
       --requestheader-allowed-names=aggregator \\
       --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \\
       --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- \\
       --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \\
       --enable-aggregator-routing=true \\
       --feature-gates=EphemeralContainers=true 
   
   Restart=on-failure
   RestartSec=10s
   LimitNOFILE=65535
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF

2. 创建 Controller-manager 服务启动文件

   cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
   Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
   After=network.target
   
   [Service]
   ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \\
       --v=2 \\
       --logtostderr=true \\
       --bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
       --root-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
       --cluster-signing-cert-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
       --cluster-signing-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
       --service-account-private-key-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/sa.key \\
       --authentication-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
       --authorization-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
       --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/controller-manager.kubeconfig \\
       --leader-elect=true \\
       --use-service-account-credentials=true \\
       --node-monitor-grace-period=40s \\
       --node-monitor-period=5s \\
       --pod-eviction-timeout=2m0s \\
       --controllers=*,bootstrapsigner,tokencleaner \\
       --allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
       --cluster-cidr=192.16.0.0/16 \\
       --requestheader-client-ca-file=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/front-proxy-ca.pem \\
       --node-cidr-mask-size=24
       
   Restart=always
   RestartSec=10s
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF

3. 创建 Scheduler 服务启动文件

   cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
   Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
   After=network.target
   
   [Service]
   ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \\
       --v=2 \\
       --logtostderr=true \\
       --bind-address=0.0.0.0 \\
       --leader-elect=true \\
       --authentication-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig \\
       --authorization-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig \\
       --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/scheduler.kubeconfig
   
   Restart=always
   RestartSec=10s
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF

4. 拷贝文件到其他 Master 节点

   for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03;do
       scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-{apiserver,controller-manager,scheduler}.service root@$i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/;
       scp -r /usr/local/kubernetes/ root@$i:/usr/local/kubernetes;
   done

5. 所有 master 节点启动以下服务

   systemctl daemon-reload
   systemctl enable --now kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler

6. 配置 kubectl 客户端工具，以下所有步骤只在安装了 kubectl 的节点执行。(kubectl 不一定要在 k8s 集群内，可以在任意一台可以访问 k8s 集群的服务器上安装 kubectl)

   # 创建 kubectl 配置文件
   mkdir ~/.kube
   cp /usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/admin.kubeconfig ~/.kube/config
   
   # 配置kubectl子命令补全
   
   yum install -y bash-completion
   source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
   source <(kubectl completion bash)
   kubectl completion bash > ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc
   echo "source ~/.kube/completion.bash.inc" >> ~/.bash_profile
   source $HOME/.bash_profile

7. 测试 kubectl 命令

   # kubectl get cs
   Warning: v1 ComponentStatus is deprecated in v1.19+
   NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
   scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
   controller-manager   Healthy   ok                     
   etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}
   etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
   etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
   
   # kubectl cluster-info 
   Kubernetes master is running at https://127.0.0.1:8443
   
   To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.
   
   # kubectl get svc
   NAME         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
   kubernetes   ClusterIP   10.96.0.1    <none>        443/TCP   11h

   注意: 10.96.0.0/16 网段第一个可用的 IP 地址为 10.96.0.1

部署 Worker 组件

配置 TLSBootstrap

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 创建 bootstrap.secret.yaml 文件

   cat > bootstrap.secret.yaml <<EOF
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Secret
   metadata:
     name: bootstrap-token-c8ad9c
     namespace: kube-system
   type: bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token
   stringData:
     description: "The default bootstrap token generated by 'kubelet '."
     token-id: c8ad9c
     token-secret: 2e4d610cf3e7426e
     usage-bootstrap-authentication: "true"
     usage-bootstrap-signing: "true"
     auth-extra-groups:  system:bootstrappers:default-node-token,system:bootstrappers:worker,system:bootstrappers:ingress
   
   ---
   apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
   kind: ClusterRoleBinding
   metadata:
     name: kubelet-bootstrap
   roleRef:
     apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: ClusterRole
     name: system:node-bootstrapper
   subjects:
   - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: Group
     name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
   ---
   apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
   kind: ClusterRoleBinding
   metadata:
     name: node-autoapprove-bootstrap
   roleRef:
     apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: ClusterRole
     name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
   subjects:
   - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: Group
     name: system:bootstrappers:default-node-token
   ---
   apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
   kind: ClusterRoleBinding
   metadata:
     name: node-autoapprove-certificate-rotation
   roleRef:
     apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: ClusterRole
     name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
   subjects:
   - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: Group
     name: system:nodes
   ---
   apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
   kind: ClusterRole
   metadata:
     annotations:
       rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
     labels:
       kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
     name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
   rules:
     - apiGroups:
         - ""
       resources:
         - nodes/proxy
         - nodes/stats
         - nodes/log
         - nodes/spec
         - nodes/metrics
       verbs:
         - "*"
   ---
   apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
   kind: ClusterRoleBinding
   metadata:
     name: system:kube-apiserver
     namespace: ""
   roleRef:
     apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: ClusterRole
     name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
   subjects:
     - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
       kind: User
       name: kube-apiserver
   EOF

2. 创建 bootstrap RBAC 策略

   kubectl create -f bootstrap.secret.yaml 

部署 kubelet 组件

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 创建 bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig 文件

   kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://${CLB_ADDRESS}:${CLB_PORT} \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-credentials tls-bootstrap-token-user \
     --token=c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=tls-bootstrap-token-user \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config use-context tls-bootstrap-token-user@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig

   注意：如果要修改 bootstrap.secret.yaml 的 token-id 和 token-secret，需要保证下图红圈内的字符串一致的，并且位数是一样的。还要保证上个命令的 token：c8ad9c.2e4d610cf3e7426e 与你修改的字符串 要一致
   

2. 创建应用目录以及拷贝二进制文件(这里使用 ssh 远程登录到 Worker 节点执行命令的方式创建)

   for i in k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do 
       ssh root@$i "mkdir -p /usr/local/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,manifests}";
       scp ~/kubernetes/server/bin/{kubelet,kube-proxy} root@$i:/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/;
   done

3. 拷贝证书以及配置文件到所有 Worker 节点

   for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do
       scp /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/{ca.pem,ca-key.pem,front-proxy-ca.pem} root@$i:/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/;
       scp /usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig root@$i:/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/;
   done

4. 在所有 Worker 节点执行以下命令创建 kubelet 服务启动文件

   cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
   Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
   After=docker.service
   Requires=docker.service
   
   [Service]
   ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kubelet
   
   Restart=always
   StartLimitInterval=0
   RestartSec=10
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF

5. 在所有 Worker 节点执行以下命令配置 kubelet service 的配置文件

   mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d;
   cat >/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubelet.conf <<EOF
   [Service]
   Environment="KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS=--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap-kubelet.kubeconfig --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig"
   Environment="KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS=--container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///run/containerd/containerd.sock"
   Environment="KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS=--config=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-conf.yml"
   Environment="KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS=--node-labels=node.kubernetes.io/node="
   ExecStart=
   ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_KUBECONFIG_ARGS \$KUBELET_CONFIG_ARGS \$KUBELET_SYSTEM_ARGS \$KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS
   EOF

   注意上面的 --node-labels，如果是 master 节点，需要修改为 node-role.kubernetes.io/master=''

6. 在所有 Worker 节点执行以下命令创建 kubelet 的配置文件

   cat >/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-conf.yml <<EOF
   apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
   kind: KubeletConfiguration
   address: 0.0.0.0
   port: 10250
   readOnlyPort: 10255
   authentication:
     anonymous:
       enabled: false
     webhook:
       cacheTTL: 2m0s
       enabled: true
     x509:
       clientCAFile: /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem
   authorization:
     mode: Webhook
     webhook:
       cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
       cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
   cgroupDriver: systemd
   cgroupsPerQOS: true
   clusterDNS:
   - 10.96.0.10
   clusterDomain: cluster.local
   containerLogMaxFiles: 5
   containerLogMaxSize: 10Mi
   contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
   cpuCFSQuota: true
   cpuManagerPolicy: none
   cpuManagerReconcilePeriod: 10s
   enableControllerAttachDetach: true
   enableDebuggingHandlers: true
   enforceNodeAllocatable:
   - pods
   eventBurst: 10
   eventRecordQPS: 5
   evictionHard:
     imagefs.available: 15%
     memory.available: 100Mi
     nodefs.available: 10%
     nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
   evictionPressureTransitionPeriod: 5m0s
   failSwapOn: true
   fileCheckFrequency: 20s
   hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
   healthzBindAddress: 127.0.0.1
   healthzPort: 10248
   httpCheckFrequency: 20s
   imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
   imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
   imageMinimumGCAge: 2m0s
   iptablesDropBit: 15
   iptablesMasqueradeBit: 14
   kubeAPIBurst: 10
   kubeAPIQPS: 5
   makeIPTablesUtilChains: true
   maxOpenFiles: 1000000
   maxPods: 110
   nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
   oomScoreAdj: -999
   podPidsLimit: -1
   registryBurst: 10
   registryPullQPS: 5
   resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
   rotateCertificates: true
   runtimeRequestTimeout: 2m0s
   serializeImagePulls: true
   staticPodPath: /usr/local/kubernetes/manifests
   streamingConnectionIdleTimeout: 4h0m0s
   syncFrequency: 1m0s
   volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m0s
   EOF

7. 在所有 Worker 节点执行以下命令启动 kubelet

   systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kubelet

8. 在所有 Worker 节点执行以下命令查看 kubelet 服务启动状态

   systemctl status kubelet.service 

   注意: 出现 Unable to update cni config: no networks found in /etc/cni/net.d 显示只有如下信息为正常

9. 在 k8s-master01 节点执行以下命令查看集群节点状态

   kubectl get nodes -owide
   NAME           STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION                CONTAINER-RUNTIME
   k8s-master01   NotReady   <none>   18m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.11   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-master02   NotReady   <none>   16m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.12   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-master03   NotReady   <none>   16m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.13   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-node01     NotReady   <none>   18m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.14   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-node02     NotReady   <none>   18m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.15   <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16

部署 kube-proxy

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

1. 创建 kube-proxy 组件的证书以及 kubeconfig 文件

   cd ~/pki
   
   # 创建 kube-proxy-csr.json 文件
   cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
   {
     "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
     "key": {
       "algo": "rsa",
       "size": 2048
     },
     "names": [
       {
         "C": "CN",
         "ST": "Beijing",
         "L": "Beijing",
         "O": "system:kube-proxy",
         "OU": "Kubernetes-manual"
       }
     ]
   }
   EOF
   
   # 创建 kube-proxy 证书
   cfssl gencert \
     -ca=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
     -ca-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
     -config=ca-config.json \
     -profile=kubernetes \
     kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy
   
   # 创建 kube-proxy 组件的 kubeconfig 文件
   kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
     --certificate-authority=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --server=https://${CLB_ADDRESS}:${CLB_PORT} \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
     --client-certificate=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem \
     --client-key=/usr/local/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem \
     --embed-certs=true \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config set-context kube-proxy@kubernetes \
     --cluster=kubernetes \
     --user=kube-proxy \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig && \
   kubectl config use-context kube-proxy@kubernetes \
     --kubeconfig=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig

2. 创建 kube-proxy 服务启动文件

   cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service <<EOF
   [Unit]
   Description=Kubernetes Kube Proxy
   Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
   After=network.target
   
   [Service]
   ExecStart=/usr/local/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \\
       --config=/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf \\
       --v=2
   
   Restart=always
   RestartSec=10s
   
   [Install]
   WantedBy=multi-user.target
   EOF

3. 创建 kube-proxy 配置文件，如果更改了集群 Pod 的网段，需要更改 clusterCIDR: 172.16.0.0/12 参数。

   cat >/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf <<EOF
   apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
   bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
   clientConnection:
     acceptContentTypes: ""
     burst: 10
     contentType: application/vnd.kubernetes.protobuf
     kubeconfig: /usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
     qps: 5
   clusterCIDR: 192.16.0.0/16
   configSyncPeriod: 15m0s
   conntrack:
     max: null
     maxPerCore: 32768
     min: 131072
     tcpCloseWaitTimeout: 1h0m0s
     tcpEstablishedTimeout: 24h0m0s
   enableProfiling: false
   healthzBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10256
   hostnameOverride: ""
   iptables:
     masqueradeAll: false
     masqueradeBit: 14
     minSyncPeriod: 0s
     syncPeriod: 30s
   ipvs:
     masqueradeAll: true
     minSyncPeriod: 5s
     scheduler: "rr"
     syncPeriod: 30s
   kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
   metricsBindAddress: 127.0.0.1:10249
   mode: "ipvs"
   nodePortAddresses: null
   oomScoreAdj: -999
   portRange: ""
   udpIdleTimeout: 250ms
   EOF

4. 拷贝 kube-proxy 相关文件到其他节点

   for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01 k8s-node02;do
       scp /usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.{conf,kubeconfig} root@$i:/usr/local/kubernetes/cfg/;
       scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service root@$i:/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service;
   done

5. 所有节点启动 kube-proxy

   systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now kube-proxy.service

   kube-proxy 服务运行成功后，所有节点应该均可以访问 10.96.0.1:443 端口

部署 k8s 其他组件

注意: 以下操作未做特别声明时均在 k8s-master01 节点操作

安装 calico

1. 下载最新的 calico 资源清单

   curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/archive/v3.25/manifests/calico-etcd.yaml -O

   calico 与 kubernetes 之间的版本依赖请参考 Kubernetes Requirements

2. 修改 calico-etcd 配置，添加 ETCD 节点信息以及证书

   sed -i 's#etcd_endpoints: "http://<ETCD_IP>:<ETCD_PORT>"#etcd_endpoints: "https://172.16.0.11:2379,https://172.16.0.12:2379,https://172.16.0.13:2379"#g' calico-etcd.yaml
   
   ETCD_CA=`cat /usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-ca.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
   ETCD_CERT=`cat /usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
   ETCD_KEY=`cat /usr/local/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem | base64 | tr -d '\n'`
   
   sed -i "s@# etcd-key: null@etcd-key: ${ETCD_KEY}@g; s@# etcd-cert: null@etcd-cert: ${ETCD_CERT}@g; s@# etcd-ca: null@etcd-ca: ${ETCD_CA}@g" calico-etcd.yaml
   
   sed -i 's#etcd_ca: ""#etcd_ca: "/calico-secrets/etcd-ca"#g; s#etcd_cert: ""#etcd_cert: "/calico-secrets/etcd-cert"#g; s#etcd_key: "" #etcd_key: "/calico-secrets/etcd-key" #g' calico-etcd.yaml

3. 修改 calico 中 CIDR 的网段为 Pods 网段，即 192.16.0.0/16

   sed -i "s@# - name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@- name: CALICO_IPV4POOL_CIDR@g; s@#   value: \"192.168.0.0/16\"@  value: \"192.16.0.0/16\"@g" calico-etcd.yaml

4. (可选)修改镜像仓库地址

   sed -i 's#docker.io#registry-changsha.vonebaas.com/kubernetes#g' calico-etcd.yaml 

5. (可选)添加节点亲和性，使 calico 不调度到边缘节点上(可选，如果不是边缘集群可以忽略这一步)

   ...
   template:
     metadata:
       labels:
         k8s-app: calico-node
     spec:
       nodeSelector:
         kubernetes.io/os: linux
       hostNetwork: true
       affinity:
         nodeAffinity:
           requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
             nodeSelectorTerms:
             - matchExpressions:
               - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/edge
                 operator: DoesNotExist
               - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/agent
                 operator: DoesNotExist
       tolerations:
       # Make sure calico-node gets scheduled on all nodes.
       - effect: NoSchedule
         operator: Exists
       # Mark the pod as a critical add-on for rescheduling.
       - key: CriticalAddonsOnly
         operator: Exists
       - effect: NoExecute
         operator: Exists
       ...

6. 在 k8s-master01 节点执行以下命令安装 calico

   kubectl create -f calico-etcd.yaml 

7. 查看集群calico pods 运行状态，系统 Pod 都在 kube-system 命名空间

   kubectl get pods -n kube-system
   # 输出如下
   NAME                                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   calico-kube-controllers-97769f7c7-42snz   1/1     Running   0          2m47s
   calico-node-b8hqx                         1/1     Running   0          2m47s
   calico-node-m5x7n                         1/1     Running   0          2m47s
   calico-node-pz5qn                         1/1     Running   0          2m47s
   calico-node-vp6wm                         1/1     Running   0          2m47s
   calico-node-wqgtn                         1/1     Running   0          2m47s

8. 再次查看集群 node 状态

   kubectl get node -n kube-system -owide
   NAME           STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION   INTERNAL-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   OS-IMAGE                KERNEL-VERSION                CONTAINER-RUNTIME
   k8s-master01   Ready    <none>   76m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.11    <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-master02   Ready    <none>   76m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.12    <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-master03   Ready    <none>   76m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.13    <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-node01     Ready    <none>   72m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.14    <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16
   k8s-node02     Ready    <none>   73m   v1.24.10   172.16.0.15    <none>        CentOS Linux 7 (Core)   4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64   containerd://1.6.16

   如果容器状态异常可以使用 kubectl describe 或者 logs 查看容器的日志.

安装 CoreDNS

1. 安装最新版的 CoreDNS

   # 下载源码
   git clone https://github.com/coredns/deployment.git
   
   # 直接部署
   cd deployment/kubernetes && ./deploy.sh -s -i 10.96.0.10 | kubectl apply -f -
   
   # 生成 coredns.yaml 文件
   ./deploy.sh -s -i 10.96.0.10 > coredns.yaml

2. 查看状态

   kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-dns
   NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   coredns-54b8c69d54-cwq79   1/1     Running   0          86s

安装 Metrics Server

1. 下载 metric-server 资源清单

   wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/download/metrics-server-helm-chart-3.8.2/components.yaml

2. 修改 metrics-server 文件，主要修改内容如下:

   spec:
     # 0. 添加节点亲和性，将 metrics 服务部署到非边缘节点
     affinity:
       nodeAffinity:
         requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
           nodeSelectorTerms:
           - matchExpressions:
             - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/edge
               operator: DoesNotExist
             - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/agent
               operator: DoesNotExist
     containers:
     - args:
       - --cert-dir=/tmp
       - --secure-port=4443   # 1. 修改安全端口为 4443
       - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
       - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
       - --metric-resolution=15s
       - --kubelet-insecure-tls  # 2. 添加以下内容
       - --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem # change to front-proxy-ca.crt for kubeadm
       - --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
       - --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group
       - --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-
       image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/59izt/metrics-server-kubeedge:latest    # 3. 修改镜像使用自己同步的阿里云镜像
       ...
       ports:
       - containerPort: 4443   # 4. 修改容器暴露端口为 4443
         name: https
         protocol: TCP
       ...
       volumeMounts:
       - mountPath: /tmp
         name: tmp-dir
       - mountPath: /etc/kubernetes/pki    # 5. 挂载卷到容器
         name: ca-ssl
       nodeSelector:
         kubernetes.io/os: linux
         kubernetes.io/hostname: k8s-prod-master01 # 6. 添加该参数控制 metrics-server 部署到 k8s-prod-master01 节点
       ...
       volumes:
       - emptyDir: {}
         name: tmp-dir
       - name: ca-ssl   # 7. 挂载证书到卷
         hostPath:
           path: /usr/local/kubernetes/ssl

3. 使用 kubectl 安装 metrics Server

   kubectl create -f components.yaml 

4. 查看 pod 运行状态

   kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=metrics-server
   NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   metrics-server-69c977b6ff-6ncw4   1/1     Running   0          4m7s

5. 查看集群度量指标

   kubectl top pods -n kube-system 
   NAME                                      CPU(cores)   MEMORY(bytes)   
   calico-kube-controllers-97769f7c7-kv9d9   2m           12Mi            
   calico-node-ff66c                         19m          45Mi            
   calico-node-hf46z                         20m          45Mi            
   calico-node-x6nzb                         22m          42Mi            
   calico-node-xff8p                         19m          39Mi            
   calico-node-z9wdl                         22m          42Mi            
   coredns-7bf4bd64bd-fn8wc                  4m           13Mi            
   metrics-server-69c977b6ff-6ncw4           2m           16Mi            

安装 Dashboard

1. Dashboard 官方 GitHub：https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

2. 找到最新的安装文件，执行如下命令

   kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.7.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

3. 查看 dashboard 容器状态

   kubectl get pods -n kubernetes-dashboard 

4. 更改 Dashboard 的 svc，将 type: ClusterIP 更改为 type: NodePort，如果已经是 NodePort 则忽略此步骤

   kubectl  patch svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard \
   -p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort","ports":[{"port":443,"targetPort":8443,"nodePort":30010}]}}'

5. (可选)由于使用的是自签名的证书，浏览器可能会打不开，需要在谷歌浏览器启动文件中加入启动参数，用于解决无法访问 Dashboard 的问题。启动参数如下

   --test-type --ignore-certificate-errors

6. 根据自己的实例端口号，通过任意安装了 kube-proxy 的宿主机IP或者 VIP 的 IP 加上端口即可访问 dashboard。查看端口的命令如下

   kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard 

7. 创建管理员用户以及 RBAC

   cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: ServiceAccount
   metadata:
     name: admin-user
     namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
   ---
   apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
   kind: ClusterRoleBinding 
   metadata: 
     name: admin-user
     annotations:
       rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
   roleRef:
     apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     kind: ClusterRole
     name: cluster-admin
   subjects:
   - kind: ServiceAccount
     name: admin-user
     namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
   EOF

8. 获取登录 Dashboard 的 token

   kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard create token admin-user
     
   # 以上命令会输出类似如下信息
   eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9.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.Z2JrQlitASVwWbc-s6deLRFVk5DWD3P_vjUFXsqVSY10pbjFLG4njoZwh8p3tLxnX_VBsr7_6bwxhWSYChp9hwxznemD5x5HLtjb16kI9Z7yFWLtohzkTwuFbqmQaMoget_nYcQBUC5fDmBHRfFvNKePh_vSSb2h_aYXa8GV5AcfPQpY7r461itme1EXHQJqv-SN-zUnguDguCTjD80pFZ_CmnSE1z9QdMHPB8hoB4V68gtswR1VLa6mSYdgPwCHauuOobojALSaMc3RH7MmFUumAgguhqAkX3Omqd3rJbYOMRuMjhANqd08piDC3aIabINX6gP5-Tuuw2svnV6NYQ

9. 访问 Dashboard。选择登录方式为 token。输入上面获得的 token，选择登陆，结果如下
   

安装 Ingress-Nginx

1. 安装 Helm 工具

   # 下载 helm 二进制安装包
   wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.10.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
   
   # 安装 helm
   tar zxvf helm-v3.10.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz
   mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/
   
   # 配置 helm 命令自动补全
   helm completion bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/helm
   
   source /etc/bash_completion.d/helm

2. 添加 ingress 的 helm 仓库

   helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx

3. 更新 ingress-nginx 仓库

   helm repo update ingress-nginx 

4. 查找仓库中所有的 ingress-nginx 版本

   helm search repo ingress-nginx --versions

5. 根据 Supported Versions table 下载一个支持的版本到本地

   helm pull ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --version 4.4.2

6. 解压下载的 ingress-nginx 压缩包，修改其中部分配置

   tar xf ingress-nginx-4.4.2.tgz 
   cd ingress-nginx
   vim values.yaml

   需要修改的位置如下：

   • Controller 和 admissionWebhook 的镜象地址，需要将公网镜像同步至公司内网镜像仓库；
   • hostNetwork 的值设置为 true；
   • dnsPolicy 设置为 ClusterFirstWithHostNet；
   • NodeSelector 添加 ingress: “true” ，方便部署到指定节点；
   • 资源类型更改为 kind: DaemonSet;
   • 修改端口类型 type: LoadBalancer 为 type: ClusterIP
   • 修改 admissionWebhooks 服务监听的端口，默认是使用的 8443(由于 8443 端口给 kube-nginx 服务使用了，所以这里要改一下，改成 9443 即可)。

7. 部署 ingress，给需要部署 ingress 的节点打上标签

   # 给节点打标签
   kubectl label nodes k8s-node01 ingress=true
   kubectl label nodes k8s-node02 ingress=true
   
   # 创建 ingress-nginx 命名空间
   kubectl create ns ingress-nginx
   
   # 安装 ingress-nginx
   helm install ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx .
   # 输出信息如下
   NAME: ingress-nginx
   LAST DEPLOYED: Mon Feb 13 16:25:50 2023
   NAMESPACE: ingress-nginx
   STATUS: deployed
   REVISION: 1
   TEST SUITE: None
   NOTES:
   The ingress-nginx controller has been installed.
   Get the application URL by running these commands:
     export POD_NAME=$(kubectl --namespace ingress-nginx get pods -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}" -l "app=ingress-nginx,component=controller,release=ingress-nginx")
     kubectl --namespace ingress-nginx port-forward $POD_NAME 8080:80
     echo "Visit http://127.0.0.1:8080 to access your application."
   
   An example Ingress that makes use of the controller:
     apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
     kind: Ingress
     metadata:
       name: example
       namespace: foo
     spec:
       ingressClassName: nginx
       rules:
         - host: www.example.com
           http:
             paths:
               - pathType: Prefix
                 backend:
                   service:
                     name: exampleService
                     port:
                       number: 80
                 path: /
       # This section is only required if TLS is to be enabled for the Ingress
       tls:
         - hosts:
           - www.example.com
           secretName: example-tls
   
   If TLS is enabled for the Ingress, a Secret containing the certificate and key must also be provided:
   
     apiVersion: v1
     kind: Secret
     metadata:
       name: example-tls
       namespace: foo
     data:
       tls.crt: <base64 encoded cert>
       tls.key: <base64 encoded key>
     type: kubernetes.io/tls

8. 查看 ingress-nginx 安装状态

   kubectl get pods -n ingress-nginx -owide
   NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
   ingress-nginx-controller-5gxth   1/1     Running   0          2m43s   172.16.0.15   k8s-node02   <none>           <none>
   ingress-nginx-controller-zcq55   1/1     Running   0          2m43s   172.16.0.14   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
   
   # kubectl get svc -n ingress-nginx 
   NAME                                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE
   ingress-nginx-controller             ClusterIP   10.96.143.177   <none>        80/TCP,443/TCP   3m1s
   ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP   10.96.66.234    <none>        443/TCP          3m1s

   注意: 此时 k8s-node01 以及 k8s-node02 节点应该已经监听了 80 和 443 端口

9. 使用 ingress-nginx 暴露 kubernetes-dashboard 服务，创建 ingress 资源

   cat <<EOF |kubectl apply -f -
   apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
   kind: Ingress
   metadata:
     name: kubernetes-dashboard
     namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
     annotations:
       # 开启use-regex，启用path的正则匹配
       nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/use-regex: "true"
       nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /
       # 默认为 true，启用 TLS 时，http请求会 308 重定向到https
       nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "true"
       nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: "HTTPS"
       nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: 20m
   spec:
     ingressClassName: nginx
     rules:
     - host: dashboard.59izt.com
       http:
         paths:
         - backend:
             service:
               name: kubernetes-dashboard
               port:
                 number: 443
           path: /
           pathType: ImplementationSpecific
   EOF

10. 配置 dashboard.59izt.com 域名解析到 CLB 公网IP地址上，访问 Dashboard。选择登录方式为 token。输入上面获得的 token，选择登陆，结果如下
    

验证集群

安装测试 Pod

1. 执行以下命令安装测试 pod

   cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
   apiVersion: v1
   kind: Pod
   metadata:
     name: dig-test
     namespace: default
   spec:
     containers:
     - name: dig
       image: docker.io/azukiapp/dig
       command:
         - sleep
         - "3600"
       imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
     restartPolicy: Always
   EOF

验证解析

集群可用必须满足一下几点：

1. Pod 必须能解析 Service

   # kubectl exec dig-test -- nslookup kubernetes

   如果返回 error: unable to upgrade connection: Unauthorized 错误，请检查 kubelet-conf.yaml 文件的 authentication: 配置缩进是否正确

2. Pod 必须能解析跨 namespace 的 Service

   # kubectl exec dig-test -- nslookup kube-dns.kube-system

3. 每个节点都必须要能访问 Kubernetes 的 Kubernetes svc 443 和 kube-dns 的 53 端口

   # service 地址为 10.96.0.1
   # $ telnet 10.96.0.1 443
   
   # kube-dns 的地址为 10.96.0.10
   # $ telnet 10.96.0.10 53

4. Pod 和 Pod 之间要能通信

   • 同 namespace 之间能通信
   • 跨 namespace 之间能通信
   • 跨机器能通信

   # 查看当前的 Pod
   # kubectl get pods -n kube-system -owide
   
   # 选择进入一个 pod 的容器，然后 ping 不同节点上的 Pod IP 地址
   # kubectl exec -n kube-system calico-node-5bcd6 -- ping 172.16.0.12
   PING 172.16.0.12 (172.16.0.12) 56(84) bytes of data.
   64 bytes from 172.16.0.12: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.385 ms
   64 bytes from 172.16.0.12: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.231 ms
   
   # 跨 namespace 之间的通信，使用 default 命名空间下的 dig-test  Pod ping 其他命名空间的 Pod IP
   # kubectl exec -n default dig-test  -- ping 172.16.0.15
   PING 172.16.0.15 (172.16.0.15): 56 data bytes
   64 bytes from 172.16.0.15: seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.190 ms
   64 bytes from 172.16.0.15: seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.136 ms

5. 创建一个 deploy Nginx pod

   # 创建一个3副本的 deploy
   kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx --replicas=3
   
   # 使用一下命令暴露 nginx 服务
   kubectl expose deployment nginx --port=80 --target-port=80 --type=NodePort
   
   # 查看 deployment 状态
   # kubectl get deployments.apps 
   NAME    READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
   nginx   3/3     3            3           11m
   
   # 查看 pod, svc 状态
   # # kubectl get pods,svc -l app=nginx
   NAME                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
   pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-26c22   1/1     Running   0          12m
   pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-m7sbb   1/1     Running   0          12m
   pod/nginx-6799fc88d8-t87xg   1/1     Running   0          12m
   
   NAME            TYPE       CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
   service/nginx   NodePort   192.162.175.90   <none>        80:30714/TCP   118s
   
   # 测试访问
   # curl http://10.1.40.100:30714 -I
   HTTP/1.1 200 OK
   Server: nginx/1.21.5
   Date: Tue, 30 Aug 2022 09:09:07 GMT
   Content-Type: text/html
   Content-Length: 615
   Last-Modified: Tue, 28 Dec 2021 15:28:38 GMT
   Connection: keep-alive
   ETag: "61cb2d26-267"
   Accept-Ranges: bytes
   
   # 清理测试 Pod 以及 deploy
   kubectl delete deploy nginx
   kubectl delete pod dig-test
   kubectl delete svc nginx